On the return of the sacred month of pilgrimage, the Prophet, under the presentiment of his approaching end, determined to make a farewell prilgrimage to Mecca. In February 632, he left Medina with a very considerable concourse of Muslims. It is stated that from ninety thousand to one hundred and forty thousand persons accompanied the Prophet. Before completing all rites of the pilgrimage, he addressed the assembled multitude from the top of Mount Arafat in the following words:
"0 people! Listen to my words, for I know not whether another year will be vouchsafed to me after this year to find myself among you. Your lives and property are sacred and inviolable among one another until you appear before the Lord, as this day and this month are sacred for all; and remember, you will have to appear before your Lord Who will demand from you an account for all your actions. 0 people, you have rights over your wives, and your wives have rights over you. Verily you have taken them on the security of Allah and have made their persons lawful unto you by the words of Allah. And your slaves, see that you feed them with such food as you eat yourselves, and clothe them with the stuff you wear, and if they commit a fault which you are not inclined to forgive, then part with them; for they are the servants of the Lord and are not to be harshly treated. 0 people, listen to my words and understand them. Know that all Muslims are brothers. You are one brotherhood; but no man shall take aught from his brother, unless by his free consent. Keep yourselves from injustice.
Let him who is present tell this to him who is absent. It may be that he who is told this afterward may remember better than he who has now heard it.
The Prophet concluded his sermon by exclaiming: "0 Lord, I have fulfilled my message and accomplished my work."
The assembled multitude, all in one voice, cried: "Yea, verily you have." The Prophet again exclaimed: "0 Lord, I beseech You, bear witness to it."
Having rigorously performed all the ceremonies of the pilgrimage, that his example might be followed by all Muslims for all succeeding ages, the Prophet returned with his followers to Medina.
The Eleventh Year of the Hijrah
The eleventh year of the hijrah, being the last year of Muhammed's (Peace be upon him) life, was spent at Medina. There he settled the organization of the provincial and tribal communities which had adopted Islam and become the component parts of the Muslim federation. More officers had to be deputed to the interior provinces for the purpose of teaching their inhabitants the precepts of the religion, administering justice, and collecting zakat. Muadh Ibn Jabal was sent to Yemen. On his departure to that distant province the Prophet enjoined him to use his own discretion in the event of his being unable to find express authority in the Qur'an. Ali was deputed to Yamama in the southeast of the peninsula. To him the Prophet said: "Never decide between any two parties who come to you for justice unless you first hear both of them."
False Prophets
A force was now being prepared under Usama, Ibn Zaid, whose father was killed at Muta, against the Byzantines, to exact the long-delayed reparation for the murder of the envoy to Syria. However, the news of the Prophet's sickness and failing health caused that expedition to be stopped. This news was soon noised abroad and produced disorder in some districts. Three pretenders had arisen who gave themselves out as prophets and tried by all kinds of imposture to win over their tribes. The most dangerous of these pretenders was known as Al Aswad. He was a chief of Yemen and a man of great wealth and sagacity, as well as a clever conjurer. He soon succeeded in gaining over his tribesmen and, with their help, reduced to subjection many of the neighboring towns. He killed Shahr, whom the Prophet had appointed as Governor of Sana in the place of his father Bazan, who had just died. Bazan had been the viceroy of Yemen under Chosroes of Persia; after he had adopted Islam he was allowed by the Prophet (Peace be upon him) to remain as Governor of Yemen. He was able to convert to Islam all the Persian colony in that province. Al-Aswad, the conjurer, had now killed Shahr, but soon after he was massacred by the Persians of Yemen.
The other two pretenders, Tulayha and Haroun by name, were not suppressed until after the death of the Prophet, during the reign of Abu Bakr. Haroun, better known as Mussaylamah, addressed to the Prophet a letter which ran as follows: "From Mussaylamah the Prophet of Allah, to Muhammad (Peace be upon him) the Prophet of Allah. Peace be to you. I am your partner. Let the exercise of authority be divided between us. Half the earth will be mine, and half will belong to your Quraish. But the Quraish are too greedy to be satisfied with a just division." To this letter the Prophet replied as follows: "From Muhammad the Messenger of Allah, to Mussaylamah the liar. Peace be to those who follow the right path. The earth belongs to Allah. It is He Who makes to reign whomsoever He pleases. Only those will prosper who fear the Lord."
Prophet Muhammad's (peace be upon him) Family History
Before Prophethood
Prophet Muhammad's (peace be upon him) First Revelation
Prophet Muhammad's (peace be upon him) Message to Meccans
The Quraish Torture the Weak
The First Hijrah
Muhammad (peace be upon him) is Asked for a Sign
The Death of Khadijah (ra)
The Miraj
Muhammad Converts Some Jews of Yathrib (Madina)
The Disbelievers Plot to Kill Muhammad (peace be upon him)
The Migration of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) to Madina
Arrival of Muhammad (peace be upon him) in Medina
The Battle of Badr
The Battle of Uhud
The Third Major Battle with the Quraish
Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) Establishes a Contract with Christians
The Muslims Spread Islam Universally
Muslims Defeat the Jews of Khaiber
Retribution for the killing of a Islamic Envoy
Conquest of Mecca
The Battle of Hunain and Other Small Battles
The Majority of Meccans Becomes Muslims
Muhammad (peace be upon him) Accomplishes His Mission
Prophet Muhammad's (peace be upon him) Last Sermon
Prophet Muhammad's (peace be upon him) Last Prayer
Source: The Alim Program
ISL Software Corporation
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Who Created the Alim?
The Alim's original concept was developed by Amir Jafri and Shahid N. Shah. The Alim's software was designed and written by Shahid N. Shah. The Alim's content were produced and developed by Amir Jafri, Rashid N. Shah, and Shahid N. Shah. The Qur'an in Arabic script was processed by Farhana N. Shah and Recitation was recorded by Zafar Jafri, Rachna Ayesha Jafri, and Amir Jafri.
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